Ground Surface Deformation Analysis Integrating InSAR and GPS Data in the Karstic Terrain of Cheria Basin, Algeria

Karstic terrains are usually dominated by aquifer systems and/or underground cavities. Overexploitation of groundwater in such areas often induces land subsidence and sometimes causes sinkholes. The Cheria basin Algeria suffers from severe issues, this phenomenon has been increasing recent years due to population expansion uncontrolled exploitation. This work uses GPS data persistent scatterer interferometry synthetic aperture radar (PS-InSAR) techniques monitor the rate employing Sentinel-1 satellite for period 2016 2022. Our results demonstrate that experiences both uplift places, with an overall substantial change surface. total cumulative over 6 reached a maximum 500 mm. Comparison deformation between PSI showed root mean square error (RMSE) values about 2.83 mm/year, indicating our analyzed satisfactorily reproducing actual changes. Nonetheless, these can be used extract susceptible zones vertical ground displacement evaluate surface inventory map region reducing damages (e.g., human losses, economic impact, environmental degradation) may occur future sinkholes) further utilized perspective sinkhole early warning system.